# 什么是英语句子 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753672421062_e1ba80_aca0aba946dd.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753672466030_ab6407_93d939a55894.png) # 英语句子的基本结构 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753672655493_0a8e59_ee2ccb51d659.png) 区分主谓宾和主系表的关键是看**谓语是实义动词还是系动词** **系动词** **表示状态：be动词** **表示感官：look, soud, taste, smell, feel** **表示变化：grow, fall, turn, get, become** **表示保持：stand, keep, stay, remain** **表示表象：prove** **主谓宾和主系表还要看意思** 如果**区分不了主谓双宾语还是主谓宾宾补**，可以在宾语后加be看是否通顺 # 简单句的成分（词性的问题） ## 谓语能做**谓语**的是**有时态和语态的实义动词或系动词** > 一句话中能否出现两个或两个以上的动词或动词短语？ > **绝对不能，一句话中只能有一个有时态和语态实义动词/系动词的存在并且充当谓语。多余的动词全部都要变成非谓语动词**。 1. **谓语只能是动词** 2. **动词只能做谓语** 我们需要把**一句话当中所有不做谓语的动词全部都要变成****不是动词****（****非谓语动词****）** **非谓语动词可以做所有成分，除了谓语** **谁的意思更重要就选谁做谓语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753687939716_5a73cd_a6b36d1b369a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753688266305_b662e5_dab641cefce6.png) > 什么是独立主格？ > 句子的主语不一致，一个句子用谓语，剩下的句子用非谓语动词 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753689287926_5faeed_08539dfce8a0.png) > 一句话中能否没有动词呢？ > **绝对不能，当一句话没有动词缺需要动词时，永远加be动词，并且be动词没有意思** ## 主语 > 什么能够充当主语？ > **名词、代词、从句、非谓语** being + adj = n. 谓语动词用单数 > 主语能不能少？ > **不能，哪一句话种没有主语怎么办呢？** 1. **it做形式主语：必须跟****天气、温度时间****有关系** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753693121429_e6c26c_ba8a2e180469.png) 2. 使用There be句型，**没有主语，一句话中"有"** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753693104678_114ad8_763717fa66f6.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753693140422_c7f6ac_46b460da891e.png) 3. **被动** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753693438344_693f04_5a215bb4d4d1.png) 在作文中，尽量少写成主动的形式。 ① 英语的无主语句型通常写为被动 ② 人或人称代词做主语的句子也可以写成被动 4. **人称代词作主语** ## 宾语 > 什么能充当宾语？ > **名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句（和主语一样）因为主语和宾语能够互换位置。** ## 表语 > 什么成分充当表语？ > 名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、**形容词、介词、介词短语** # 动词的分类以及时态和语态 ## 动词的分类 > 实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词（不能单独作谓语） > 1. **实义动词** + 实义动词就是表示具体动作的词。 **常见的分类：及物动词和不及物动词** 及物动词：后面直接加宾语，并且必须加宾语。 accept the idea, buy a book 不及物动词：后面不能直接加宾语，必须加介词以后才能加宾语 I agree with you 2. **联系动词（如上）** 3. **情态动词** > 表明**说话人主观态度的单词就是情态动词** > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753707971805_d4af5c_b322f14f651a.png) + **情态动词表示对过去的推测**：情态动词 + have done ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753708598561_204d39_abb117d12a26.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753708617760_b6110d_81a6b1f6ab6d.png) 4. **助动词(be、do、have)** > 助动词主要是帮助谓语动词构成时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调 > **助动词be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态** I am studying in America now **do/did/does以及否定形式don't/didn't/doesn't主要用来****构成否定句、疑问句**。 Do you know Lisa well? **do/did/does可对谓语动词进行强调** Do be careful when crossing the streets. **have的各种形式has/had否定haven't/hasn't/hadn't主要用于帮助构成完成时** We haven't finished our work yet. We will have finished our work by next week. ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753709499571_0ad37a_39dade529324.png) ## 动词的时态 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753753747912_16edec_e969d1628c80.png) # 并列句 > 把两句话合成一句话有三个方法：① 加连词 ② 留一个句子为主句，另一个句子为从句 ③ 留一个动词作谓语，其余变非谓语动词 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753755228899_ed4ed2_339850799c4b.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753755256042_67ca9b_24917388f7f2.png) > 什么是并列句？ > **并列句就是用连词连接两个句子或者两个从句，所以并列句可以是主句也可以是从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753755572914_757926_d12b923510cc.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753755727830_57cbb0_a9d963a9f08f.png) ## 连词的分类与区别 **常见的并列连词** **平行关系**：and, not only... but also..., both... and..., neither... nor...等 **转折关系**：but, while, yet, whereas等 **选择关系**：or, whether... or not..., either... or... 等 **因果关系**：because, since, for, so等 **表示逻辑关系的其他词（副词和介词短语）** **平行关系**：equally, similarly, likewise, simultaneously（同时），at the same time, in the meanwhile, in the same way等 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753757550349_6cadcd_b1d2f492945c.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753757586068_6b4ca1_5956897a22f9.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753757630985_beefe3_ef5fc88d23a4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753757650676_f0be19_1bc0fcd9742f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753758718577_9458f3_42ef0f8844e0.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753758754930_5f3115_e43ebba2f96f.png) **同意思的连词与其他逻辑关系词的区别** 当使用however连接两个句子时，前面一定不能是逗号。 He failed many times. However, he didn't despire. > 当使用连词时前面不能是句号，因为连词在连接两个句子。当使用副词或介词短语时，前面一定是句号，因为他们不能连接两个句子，只能表达他们两者之间的关系是转折关系。 > He failed many times, and however he didn't despire. **同意思的连词与其他逻辑关系词的区别在于连词前面有没有逗号均可，但是当你使用副词或介词短语的时候，前面要么用句号，要么使用连词and** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753773319792_0cad97_b970e7bde895.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753773610795_43038c_ddb21b8d4b92.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753774100775_0aea04_80332ca5ff97.png) ## 并列句之写作 **并列句在写作中的使用：只要上下句有逻辑关系，通常都要用逻辑关系词（连词、介词、介词短语、副词）** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753775581411_b697e3_2a6be9b97a06.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753775828213_c67351_588bcdd9a66f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753776130107_d62134_29ed1a4c15a7.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753776450995_38bdb3_de8d1537086a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753776835801_a0bdc5_55b20c3beee6.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753776986790_63c649_50c53dfefe0f.png) ## 长难句分析 > 并列句的词性要对应、成分要对应 > She is a humble and motivated girl. Humans can learn languages by making mistakes and correcting them. My girlfriend is pleased with what I have said and all that I have done. It is a big problem for me to be a teacher or to start a business. **并列句中省略的成分** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753778095951_d32efd_9fc2131e2876.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753778179695_b058d0_3fb24410dab2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753778248096_425e72_8c6667a0c39c.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753778293885_be79da_c4ba885ae880.png) > 如何查找省略的内容？ > I was beaten and you too. **一句话只要有****省略一定省略在连词后****，所以连词后的成分连词前面通常有（如果连词后****只有一个成分的话****，****连词前一定能找到对应成分****，如果连词后有****多个成分的话****，连词前****不一定都能找到对应成分****，但至少能找到一个，如例⑤），****连词前面有而后没有的成分是省略的内容** **分析长难句的****第一步找谓语动词****，****第二步找连词****（当连词在连接两个单词的时候，这个连词就装作没看见）** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753780099185_6d534b_53bd0ef5ae59.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753780621232_a56b6a_5f283accae63.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753784394049_1551f7_9f6028e9c81d.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753790348880_71eb8c_b20dc99e6435.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753791426024_dcc33d_b27f30baa474.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753792080429_74dec7_7a89e184f21b.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753794305945_8c4d4f_7ee10550c818.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753795221046_7b2b7c_0dce29019f98.png) # 名词短语能做什么成分 > 名词能够充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语 > **什么是同位语****？解释名词/代词的成分就是同位语** 1. **代词作同位语** I can not bear the girl in front of me, her. 2. **名词作同位语** Tiechui, a handsome boy, never fails to fascinate me. 3. 动名词不定时（非谓语动词）作同位语 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753796036325_279b5a_e6b1485896d9.png) 4. **从句作同位语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753797610074_f751ec_0b3e5de5a8b5.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753797866363_00a7e7_b502a99c19e6.png) # 名词性从句 > 什么是名词性从句？ > **名词在句子中能够充当什么成分，从句就在句子中也能充当什么成分，这就是名词性从句**。**名词性从句一共包括4类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句**。 **什么是从句？从句就是“引导词（连词）+分词”** ## 名词性从句的引导词 **名词性从句的引导词是按照****从句的类型划分****，可分成三类**： ① **that：**当从句是陈述句时使用。并且that在陈述句中不充当任何成分并且没有任何意思 ② **whether：**当从句是一般疑问句时使用。whether意思翻译为是否，但是whether不充当成分。 ③ **所有的特殊疑问词：**当从句是特殊疑问句时，并且英语中所有的从句都是陈述句的形式，也就是“引导词+主语+谓语”的形式 **宾语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753844560588_c2f971_6cd4e1f21d35.png) **主语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753844682897_435da0_77e6541d08d0.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753845222742_50aa7f_4b3f13beeaba.png) ## 名词性从句之写作 > 满分句型：主语从句和同位语从句 > **主语从句在写作中就是****用it作形式主语****，把真正的主语放到句末。** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753846090143_1184f5_9a785e8ec7df.png) **本句型可以写在任何一句话的前面用来拉长句子**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753846295728_ae4773_7a2df18321cc.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753846368989_f44b39_d7d23c522a7c.png) **同位语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753846596226_d02f72_b3d308952723.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753847194964_edfc41_52f0c4e8c86e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753847420435_8909e4_642fc552d519.png) ## 长难句分析 > 如何识别主语从句？ > **只要见到有引导词放到句首，并且从句后面没有被逗号隔开通常都是主语从句。除此以外只要见到it...that...通常也是主语从句**。 1. 主语从句从句首开始到主机的谓语动词之前结束 2. 主语从句从it...that...中的that开始到句末结束 > 如何识别宾语从句？ > **宾语一定出现在实义动词（词组）的后面，所以只要实义动词（词组）的后面有引导词，通常就是宾语从句**。 **that在引导宾语从句时可以省略**。在其他名词性从句中that不能省略。 **在宾语从句中，是否既可以用whether也可以用if，但是在其他名词性从句中，只能用whether不能用if** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753864200774_7a98fa_b5fd12dea841.png) > 如何识别表语从句？ > **只要系动词后面有一个引导词通常都是表语从句**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753865020563_66c673_822724370e56.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753865305848_e002ff_f707eefd8284.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753865736351_a9cccf_04b43ed5ba9e.png) > 如何识别同位语从句？ > **只要名词后面见到有引导词出现，就暂定为同位语从句（更可能是定语从句哦！）**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753869144173_eb2a91_ffb882cfb5ee.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753869502196_8e28a6_67d5bb70c402.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753876965673_e7b882_d0653b9a04ec.png) # 定语和定语从句 ## 定语的成分 1. **形容词（短语）做定语** 2. **名词（短语）做定语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753879183150_7cbc32_4eb80b1aeaba.png) 3. **介词短语作定语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753879307375_2ba4c7_1441df1be115.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753879364954_c10a22_10f540cf5f51.png) 4. **非谓语动词（分词、不定式）作定语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753879461197_b39943_b122f8fb25a3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753879504164_2490b2_ae08be9dab86.png) 5. **从句作定语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753880130014_a624fb_1956aa22c7d2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753880355501_76500b_4dd7fc47452a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753880642550_2f74ca_61414111f6fd.png) **当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后**。 ## 定语从句 > 定语从句的构成 > **先行词[名词（短语）]+引导词+分句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753882815504_50673d_f748df5edfb7.png) ## 定语从句的引导词 > 按照所修饰的先行词，分为5类 > **人、物、时间、地点、原因** 1. **先行词是人，**引导词：~~that~~, who, whom, whose 2. **先行词是物**，引导词：that, which, whose 3. **先行词是时间**，引导词：that, which, when 4. **先行词是地点**，引导词：that, which, where 5. **先行词是原因**，引导词：that, which, why **到底是谁决定定语从句引导词的用法？** 1. **先行词** 2. **引导词在从句中能够充当的成分** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753884943710_d6bb78_873819b27750.png) > 定语从句的引导词按照词性分为3类 > 1. **代词：（在从句中充当主语或宾语或表语）**who, whom, that, which 2. **副词：（在从句中不能充当主干成分）**when, where, why 3. **形容词：（在从句中只能充当定语，修饰离它最近的名词短语**）whose ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753886260086_2878f7_c8db2df82622.png) ## 定语从句的先行词 > 定语从句的难点在于寻找先行词 > **① 定语从句的先行词就是离他最近的那个名词** **② 先行词是离他最近的前面多个名词** **③ 定语从句的先行词是前面的整个从句/句子** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753929802411_0ba642_66e56362f6fd.png) ## 定语从句的特殊用法 > 限制性从句和非限制性定语从句 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753930495498_5fd3c5_7ff32d099561.png) ① 我喜欢美丽的刘老师 ② 我喜欢刘老师，她很美 **区别限制性定语从句和非限制型定语从句最核心的是：****非限制性定语从句相当于插入语，当做没看见**。删除后不影响句子意思。 **在限制性定语从句中如果引导词是which/whom并且在从句中充当宾语可以省略** **that省略的情况** + 在定语从句中，如果引导词that充当的是宾语则可以被省略 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753931111228_1343d4_f4421f43be07.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753931364099_433d7d_f22e0380de79.png) **技巧：只要见到有两个名词或代词直接放在一起，中间没有被任何的标点或连词隔开，通常都是省略了that的定语从句**。有时也会有特殊情况，那就是句子成分的位置被调整了 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753932629083_72c4a2_d1705b79028a.png) **as和which引导非限制性定语从句** **相同点****：这两个单词都可以引导非限制性定语从句，并且as也只能引导非限制性定语从句，而which却可以引导限制性定语从句**。 **不同点①：** **as引导非限制性定语从句，位置比较灵活，****可以放在主句的前面、主谓之间或主句的后面****，此处的as翻译为“正如”** **which引导的定语从句只能放在所修饰的词或句子的后面** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753948963533_4ca783_8198c57083a3.png) **不同点②：** **紧跟在引导词as后面的动词是be动词****，而引导词which后面可以跟任何类型的动词。** **固定搭配the same... as和the same... that引导的定语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753949686103_532ad3_98831727063a.png) **① 这本书****像****我昨天丢的那本书** **② 这本书****就是****我昨天丢的那本书** **先行词是人时，that和who的区别？** **介词+关系代词引导定语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753950111200_13caab_04a5d3bdcd0e.png) ## **定语从句和同位语从句的区别** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753950711546_0d2b7a_3a98a778257c.png) **定语从句和同位语从句的构成是相同的都是：****先行词+引导词+句子** **定语从句和同位语从句的区别：①定语从句是对先行词修饰，同位语从句是对先行词的解释 ②定语从句的that在从句中一定要充当成分，要么充当主语要么充当宾语。而同位语的that在从句中不充当任何成分，没有任何意思③ 定语从句的先行词可以是所有名词，而同位语从句的先行词只能是****“可以解释的名词”****（一句话不能解释的名词不是可解释名词）④ 定语从句的引导词有8个，而同位语的引导词一般都是that** ## 定语从句之写作 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753951597085_f8ece7_f393b3f91154.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753951777769_7a072e_42df41f59b33.png) **① as well as并列两个形容词** **② 见到名词复数+such as** **只要在作文中见到名词都可以在它的后面+一个定语的成分把句子拉长** ## 长难句分析 > 如何识别定语成分？ > **找定语的关键一定是找名词，只要名词后面有东西（不是动词）就暂定修饰这个名词的定语成分（还可能是状语哦！）定语通常从名词后开始到主句的谓语之前结束，如果定语在主句谓语动词之后，定语就从名词后开始，****通常****到句末结束，但是定语之后又连词出现的话，定语不是到句末结束而是到连词之前结束。** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753953906693_103126_d7e66ceb0f7a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753954945671_c0aa0c_85287a8a4e23.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753957425356_a770b9_db7e07c2f8ef.png) **一个大定语中通常都会有无数个小定语，每一个小定语通常都是到哪里结束呢？每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束（但是固定搭配除外）** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753958993366_5491ff_2645d176d7c4.png) **如何区别when引导的是定语从句还是状语从句****，如果when前面是一个关于时间的名词通常都是定语从句，后置的时候when就翻译成当时、这时、届时。如果when前面不是一个关于时间的名词，通常都是状语从句，when就翻译为当... 时候** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753965878101_2e7f61_35b57678f04f.png) with A+B ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1753966908576_4362b3_13769ae11c76.png) # 状语 **英语中的修饰语只有两个**：一个是定语修饰名词，一个是状语修饰除名词以外所有成分 > 什么是状语？ > **除了名词都可以修饰是状语** ## 状语的成分 1. **副词作状语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754016382734_84a347_59f7c5afbf4b.png) 2. **介词短语作状语--表示时间** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754016678532_053b41_df8399b645d4.png) 3. **介词短语作状语--表示原因** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754016765601_65f653_910e707d3d51.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754016811876_8f5143_9922c3d4dcef.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754016883609_e5d00c_f0bff79eee5d.png) **due to表示因为只能放在句末，owing to表示因为只能放在句首** 4. **介词短语作状语--****表示方式** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754017131823_55a8c2_3c7fa2071c35.png) 5. **介词短语作状语--****表示让步** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754029863913_25e467_87d5fdb9c887.png) 6. **介词短语作状语--****表示伴随** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754029980155_66e9a1_67794abf7ede.png) 7. **非谓语动词****（分词或不定时）作状语 ** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754030054097_91d352_b160979d94cb.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754030125106_189bae_c72ed5733f9b.png) 8. **从句****作状语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754030233868_dc6e1a_e7ad45e8c475.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754030348889_9fd08f_e972d530d59f.png) ## 状语从句 **构成****：引导词+主语+谓语动词** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754030503513_74af88_7281585d9ab8.png) **状语从句的引导词是按照引导词的意思分类，一共把****引导词分为9类** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754032758241_0cb8d3_d246c03bbe06.png) **时态** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754032907477_9e799a_fce45d34d6d4.png) **主句和从句****都没有发生“主将从现”****，如果主句和从句的动作****已经发生****了该用什么时态就用什么时态**。 ### 时间状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033360588_0a9716_12d3eff44c0c.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033375921_19b3f9_89e6c9a01e49.png) **区别when, while和as** **when+任何时态** **while+进行时态** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033657872_086b76_2ba32cf5ff83.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033614249_aa7c56_7c0d48a79a1f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033548499_f2379d_d411de995af2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033579266_7440e1_b4ec21e71756.png) **when引导时间状语从句的特殊用法** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754033990788_82011c_8543beda3989.png) **when引导的时间状语从句，如果****主句和从句的主语一致****，****并且从句的谓语中有be动词****，此时从句的主语和谓语动词可以直接省略**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754034168821_320294_8532dae4e9c0.png) **区分until和not... until** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754034241373_99bc98_e133e296b13b_1.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754034300422_37fbf5_b44a549a6f31.png) ### **地点状语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754035154822_a5c4ac_ace1025ff7d2.png) **作地点状语的话****通常都是介词短语****，很少是从句** ### **原因状语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754035375783_5e1a53_d9f7287c5037.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754035592480_9a7382_e2313b0a634b.png) ### 让步状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754035784466_917b16_a72d80780607.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754035937663_d15003_6bdafe1cb843.png) **为什么although和but不能连用**，因为but是连词连接的是两个相同的成分，要是主句都是主句，要是从句都是从句。如果although和but同时出现就变成了一主一从。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754036139931_0f222f_21d11e285c55.png) ### 条件状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754036504810_90f817_65e22087a086.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754036604902_3f0fb7_94c3964c2350.png) ### 目的状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754036833628_fc9f52_f67f6a6c958a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754036922845_3e37cd_56291641eac4.png) ### 方式状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754037184152_175f3a_a201d4dc7897.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754037258111_3d94c1_99b65a414d28.png) ### 结果状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754037634612_72e644_77ad760fcaa2.png) **so... that和such... that** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754037734907_58e708_86ef152f5dc5_1.png) **such+n+that** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754037991286_9d35eb_7f87655df583.png) ### 比较状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754038073778_b4ad13_2d9264d60af2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754038176678_5f311c_0f9910dbbc84.png) **as... as...和... 一样....** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754038268857_4dca8a_868d7925d0d8.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754038414183_619492_840dfb630a18.png) **只要出现形容词或副词都可以写成as well as的句型** **the more... the more... 越..., 越...** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754038960786_490eeb_e98ab31c29dc.png) **这里的hard既可以做形容词也可以做副词，become是系动词用形容词luckier** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754039562510_b48407_ee058d05656b.png) **如果分词的谓语是实义动词，就要用副词来修饰** **如果分词的谓语是系动词，就要用形容词来修饰** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754039832061_f21eb3_eea23a201231.png) **在满足一定条件的情况下可以将句子的主语和动词省略**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754039989353_64384e_8054d38cf529.png) **The harder, the luckier.** **more than的用法** 1. **后跟****名词（短语）****，意为“不仅仅是”** Dayan is more than a teacher. She is a writer, too. 2. **后跟****动词，同后跟名词****，翻译为“不仅仅是”** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754040364296_5e87cc_82edceb12b6d.png) 3. **后跟****形容词或副词****，译为“非常”** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754040606379_4cf3db_8ae09fc8c9b4.png) 在正式文体中one通常代指you 4. **后跟****数词****，译为“多余，超过，比... ... 多”** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754040725043_431651_e4dde7ef8a84.png) **not so much A as B** **与其说A不如说B** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754040966084_37c3e6_c9377bc87377.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041054470_e8fee3_70058693055a.png) **more A than B** **与其说B不如说A** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041319480_c67068_bf34349f8de7.png) **not so much as = not even 甚至不/没有** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041439580_f1dd6f_0cf992eb0318.png) **A is to B what/as C is to D** **A对于B就如同C对于D，****翻译为A很重要（类比）** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041574353_b1e18c_cd2f3214a5e3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041633686_475c36_4ea5a99f4c20.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754041699183_4a853f_6b039230e2ff.png) ## 状语从句和非谓语动词（短语）作状语的转化 1. **先去掉状语从句的引导词** 2. **把状语从句的谓语变成非谓语动词** 3. **看分词的主语是否和主句的主语一致，一致去掉，不一致保留** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754051144089_9d3b60_17126d112458.png) > 一定要出现状语从句才能出现分词作状语吗？ > **只要两句话之间是逗号，都能写成这种形式** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754051409630_c861f2_0a7f57940fd3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754052139444_e8becf_24d64b73d9e4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754052283664_812efc_5b364e6cb3e6.png) # 定语和状语的区别 > 区分介词短语既像定语又像状语的情况 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754054186113_c694dc_2e3329389190.png) **如果介词短语表示时间或地点放在名词后，****既像定语又像状语的时候，定语优先原则****。只有当翻译成定语巨恶心无比的时候才是状语**。 > 区分when引导的定语从句还是状语从句 > **如果when的****前边是一个表示时间的名词，那就是定语从句****，when翻译为“当时，这时”或“届时”，如果when的****前面不是一个名词或者不是一个表示时间的名词****就是****状语从句****。when就翻译为“当... 时候”** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754054668747_79e266_d4b8bc05df30.png) # as专题 ## as+名词（短语） ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754100410342_ec5557_cc1229e2fa77.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754100623179_6aceeb_261457f1e776.png) ## 动词（词组）+名词（短语）+as ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754101116182_679169_700e3fb07102.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754101334812_771c4d_e46443daaa87.png) ## as引导定语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754101816637_a3601f_eb54bd616f87.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754101942932_53b27b_fc890aae0321.png) ## as引导状语从句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754102138062_d71e51_6bec6ea9e263.png) # 状语和状语从句 1. **状语在写作中的使用** **作文任何一句话的旁边都可以给它加一个状语把句子拉长，并且它能使句子的描述显得更完整、具体** **状语从句在写作中的"化妆"作用** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754104695567_252cab_0801ec301713.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754104805896_4953fe_91c62a47d48e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754104836745_fc46c7_fcb885764313.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754104878050_922153_76814f14e71f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754105318527_9f3d2f_c05a6177c510.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754105302563_1870d5_797bfd83b743.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754105500817_7bbe1d_0af5b4042cd4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754105632928_04d84a_91025da037fc.png) ## 如何识别和翻译状语 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754119177160_846487_c5ea76cc0634.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754119288464_c10ace_45ba8f738d7c.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754120670905_e10e9d_05e4965cfda2.png) # 句子所有成分总结 ## 句子成分 | 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语 | 表语 | 同位语 | 定语 | 状语 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 名词 | 实义动词 | 名词 | 名词 | 名词 | 名词 | 副词 | | 代词 | 系动词 | 代词 | 代词 | 代词 | 代词 | 介短 | | 非谓语 | | 非谓语 | 非谓语 | 非谓语 | 非谓语 | 非谓语 | | 从句 | | 从句 | 从句 | 从句 | 从句 | 从句 | | | | | 形容词 | | 形容词 | | | | | | 介短 | | 介短 | | | | | | | | ~~副词~~ | | Dayan is an elegant lady. Dayan is a lady of elegance. Dayan is a lady as elegant as a red rose. Dayan is a lady looking strikingly elegant. Dayan is a lady who looks strinkingly elegant. ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754127092314_99b828_ac6ff7c3ecb4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754127278836_6ce06a_c05216f7a654.png) ## 长难句 > 长难句的模样？ > **(状语/定语As),主语(定语/同位语/状语)+谓语(时态语态)+宾语/表语[可能没有](定语/同位语/状语)** # 强调句 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754188159732_fb48a2_10eb1021b26a.png) **强调句型可以强调句子的所有成分，****唯一不能强调谓语** > 区分强调句和主语从句 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754188858800_65260d_b176f7697239.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754188892025_6435e2_d29c7a9b4930.png) **判断的方法****：把It is... that... 去掉即可** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754189110149_509b9b_ab4f8e54ed9e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754189629258_e59182_78e819a71b20.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754190629373_9e73a1_37c95bf19459.png) # 虚拟语气 > 什么是虚拟语气？ > **虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反或虚假的、难以实现的情况，有时表示主观愿望、建议或某种强烈情感，也用虚拟语气**。 ## 一般用法 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754191600905_bf04f3_279624ffd818.png) **如何将一个正常的条件状语从句变成一个虚拟语气呢？只需要把已经写好的句子的时态变成它的过去式就可以了。并且在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式只有were没有was，并且would=could=might** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754191708057_5eb9dd_b4bb303c0fa3.png) **一般过去式和现在完成时都表示的是过去，但是****一般过去式有确切的时间点****，现在完成时没有时间点**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754192213682_038e47_8e969e135775.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754192417351_57f6df_942ce1264bfe.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754192484012_8b8f11_411974fa2e56.png) **对现在的虚拟和将来的虚拟可以是一样的**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754192681717_261644_b15d33191e71.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754193384376_7bdf14_c27e4d2f4b46.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754193709214_dc090a_c2e1a6d1b3a2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754193796662_92d5d1_990efa5cddf1.png) ## 特殊用法 > 以下情况用“should + 动词原型”表示虚拟，并且should可以省略 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754206208433_be0da7_9011c2d804d7.png) **速记****：以防命贱要求用虚拟式必要的**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754206591964_48e2d5_b75b60dc7a97.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754206766239_ffafd2_0eef86f87849.png) > 一下情况遵循时态前推原则 > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754206874688_6ef9e6_e246b1c2095c.png) only if = if 如果 if only 如果... 该多好呀 but for 要不是 or/otherwise 否则 as if/as though 好像似乎 even if/even though 虽然尽管 + I wish I were your angel to protect you. + If only you were my mother ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754207473123_cf3cc0_54c1b1e53c27.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754207569052_c71bad_9440a503e215.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754207713561_f4f0b3_48d796222029.png) **would rather专题** 1. **would rather do sth. 宁愿做... 事情** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754207858484_4a8527_90b4d22b79b3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754207896956_3dec6d_d154022b056c_1.png) 2. **would rather do than do. 宁愿做某事而不是什么事** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208022106_cbe5e9_67728a2cadbd.png) 3. **would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208086077_46ef75_56be53c106d6.png) 4. **would rather sb. did 宁愿让别人做一件事** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208144862_4c8b53_751a9cc35fb9.png) 5. **would rather sb. had done 宁愿、希望某人过去做过某事，事实上并没有做** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208372230_177a8b_512acffa015e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208484560_5376ab_0b4acb3bfcb4.png) 6. **It is high time(that) 的虚拟语气** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208823123_c3a703_d1dc34e17bfd.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208925696_fd93aa_94b686cbcdc8.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754208992695_a2c131_c690db6ca7da.png) **写作** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209135758_dfa5e1_d8e125c3edae.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209248567_7f2730_4df7db981d67.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209402855_a6da9b_3594b16794f3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209489974_a56683_0140c24df46b.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209749641_803777_3e1007786d7f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754209939730_47a15a_aa12a2e05d04.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754210119659_bace79_47d3c4855094.png) **长难句分析** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754210228660_dab127_e717df0056a1.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754210507121_900e9f_fda7c0e57291.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754210692702_a54fb9_a2656b6e6e93.png) # 倒装句 > 什么是倒装句？ > **把一句话写成****一般疑问句****的形式就是倒装**。 1. **否定词放到句首用倒装** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212213495_7deed6_3d42de09a5d6.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212277973_b8e715_10b97d8d0839.png) By no means 决不能 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212452513_27c0f7_e4b3313a608e.png) 2. **so... that... 或such... that... 句型中，把so或such引导的部分放在句首时用部分倒装** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212718681_8d4271_750f1064174e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212938673_607e2a_67cc7ea45c29.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754212999017_099c82_eea9490a9e0c.png) **作文中只要出现形容词或副词的地方，都能写成so... that的句型****，是要出现so... that 句型就能出现倒装**。 3. **so(表肯定)，nor/neither(表否词)位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754213688678_1a8447_90522ef474bb.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754213782135_310e0d_64668e686677.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215056266_8aff68_9e0d3ccea333.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215125369_dd53d6_bce28ca5701a.png) 4. **“only+状语”位于句首时用倒装** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215361434_991f59_a87935f4edb4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215530375_8be4a4_efdb83cef378.png) 5. **as引导让步状语从句的倒装** **基本结构式：****形容词/副词/分词/名词（前面不能加冠词）+as+状语从句** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215904588_9439fa_88af037e0a4c.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754215991912_d5c74b_369c542599de.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216025218_399838_b4d2c6bc0de7.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216059375_4a2e86_b8116b60ba4a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216090370_7c505f_527bba1ac4a4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216191786_e2889e_a5c07d56a2aa.png) 6. **省略if的虚拟语气用倒装** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216270620_5c18d2_b861dd62a455.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754216355824_870692_a2866576230b.png) ## 写作 **倒装可以作为强调的一种方式，因为要强调某一部分，所以把它放到句首去**。 ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754225099718_01ff9f_45599903def4.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754225272900_6436a6_f056c9f472a9.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754226724374_443267_7a7948a8bee9.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754226861267_c7e78c_88fa6bf15924.png) # 插入语 > 什么是插入语？ > ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754228255065_728fd5_1dce26ad73b5.png) 1. **单词做插入语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272366494_a718cb_4a9ebde03646.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272396841_980733_ea9b09c0d1a5.png) 2. **短语做插入语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272500208_c39d94_747b6849f0d2.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272572617_1cffcb_39b5da8d234e.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272617818_07d3f2_3731ef75e6ce.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272671987_0536a7_2592145ac738.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272693569_a42517_885966331225.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272736386_53d469_3a79305e996b.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272755445_44b582_548631fd67bb.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272803282_1f78dd_a0bb29156bdc.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272822866_5fcb51_b587122872b3.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272868328_013e43_477ec623a68b.png) 3. **分句作插入语** ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272953979_b91eeb_363ca158702a.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754272977733_ac715a_b982feaa3b5f.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754273002470_6348c6_0131fa2b3c21.png) ![](../../../../../public/images/posts/1754273100047_a0d6e8_ee7dfa344405.png)

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